See bat in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "batt"
},
"expansion": "English: bat, batt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bat, batt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "bath",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: bath, bat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: bath, bat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: bata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: bata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scottish Gaelic: bata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scottish Gaelic: bata"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "batt"
},
"expansion": "Old English batt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "batte"
},
"expansion": "Old French batte",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English batt, from Celtic; influenced by Old French batte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "battes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "botten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bat",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "battes",
"pl2": "botten"
},
"expansion": "bat (plural battes or botten)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 6 11 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 10 10 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mace, bat, or morningstar (blunt weapon)"
],
"id": "en-bat-enm-noun-hXGqBhHj",
"links": [
[
"mace",
"mace"
],
[
"bat",
"bat#English"
],
[
"morningstar",
"morningstar"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A pole or stick used for other"
],
"id": "en-bat-enm-noun-BV2yjUhJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A pole or stick used for other"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strike or hit from a weapon."
],
"id": "en-bat-enm-noun-d~tLx0DA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) A strike or hit from a weapon."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clump of soft material."
],
"id": "en-bat-enm-noun-fjzA2i0X",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) A clump of soft material."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "batt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "batte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"word": "bat"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "bat",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "boat",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 10 13 21 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bot (“boat”)"
],
"id": "en-bat-enm-noun-HbGEsgIg",
"links": [
[
"bot",
"bot#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern) Alternative form of bot (“boat”)"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 29 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "batt"
},
"expansion": "English: bat, batt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bat, batt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "bath",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: bath, bat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: bath, bat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: bata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: bata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Scottish Gaelic: bata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Scottish Gaelic: bata"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "batt"
},
"expansion": "Old English batt",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "batte"
},
"expansion": "Old French batte",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English batt, from Celtic; influenced by Old French batte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "battes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "botten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bat",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "battes",
"pl2": "botten"
},
"expansion": "bat (plural battes or botten)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mace, bat, or morningstar (blunt weapon)"
],
"links": [
[
"mace",
"mace"
],
[
"bat",
"bat#English"
],
[
"morningstar",
"morningstar"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A pole or stick used for other"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A pole or stick used for other"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A strike or hit from a weapon."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) A strike or hit from a weapon."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A clump of soft material."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) A clump of soft material."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɔt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batt"
},
{
"word": "batte"
},
{
"word": "bot"
}
],
"word": "bat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 29 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "bat",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "boat",
"word": "bot"
}
],
"categories": [
"Northern Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bot (“boat”)"
],
"links": [
[
"bot",
"bot#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern) Alternative form of bot (“boat”)"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bat"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bat meaning in Middle English (3.6kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "bat/Middle English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Late-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Celtic languages\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old French\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Northern Middle English\", \"Pages with 29 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"enm:Weapons\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"bat\", \"3\": \"batt\"}, \"expansion\": \"English: bat, batt\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"English: bat, batt\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"bat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots: bat\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Scots: bat\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"yol\", \"2\": \"bath\", \"alts\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"Yola: bath, bat\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Yola: bath, bat\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ga\", \"2\": \"bata\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Irish: bata\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Irish: bata\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"gd\", \"2\": \"bata\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Scottish Gaelic: bata\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Scottish Gaelic: bata\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"batt\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English batt\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"cel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Celtic\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"batte\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French batte\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Old English batt, from Celtic; influenced by Old French batte.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"battes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"botten\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"nouns\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"head\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"bat\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"battes\", \"pl2\": \"botten\"}, \"expansion\": \"bat (plural battes or botten)\", \"name\": \"enm-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"lang_code\": \"enm\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A mace, bat, or morningstar (blunt weapon)\"], \"links\": [[\"mace\", \"mace\"], [\"bat\", \"bat#English\"], [\"morningstar\", \"morningstar\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A pole or stick used for other\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare) A pole or stick used for other\"], \"tags\": [\"rare\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Late Middle English\", \"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A strike or hit from a weapon.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare, Late Middle English) A strike or hit from a weapon.\"], \"tags\": [\"Late-Middle-English\", \"rare\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Late Middle English\", \"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A clump of soft material.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare, Late Middle English) A clump of soft material.\"], \"tags\": [\"Late-Middle-English\", \"rare\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/bat/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/bɔt/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"batt\"}, {\"word\": \"batte\"}, {\"word\": \"bot\"}], \"word\": \"bat\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bat",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "bat/Middle English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Late-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English nouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Celtic languages\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old French\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Northern Middle English\", \"Pages with 29 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"enm:Weapons\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"bat\", \"3\": \"batt\"}, \"expansion\": \"English: bat, batt\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"English: bat, batt\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"bat\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots: bat\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Scots: bat\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"yol\", \"2\": \"bath\", \"alts\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"Yola: bath, bat\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Yola: bath, bat\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ga\", \"2\": \"bata\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Irish: bata\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Irish: bata\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"gd\", \"2\": \"bata\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Scottish Gaelic: bata\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Scottish Gaelic: bata\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"batt\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English batt\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"cel\"}, \"expansion\": \"Celtic\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"batte\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French batte\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Old English batt, from Celtic; influenced by Old French batte.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"battes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"botten\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"nouns\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"head\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"bat\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"battes\", \"pl2\": \"botten\"}, \"expansion\": \"bat (plural battes or botten)\", \"name\": \"enm-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"lang_code\": \"enm\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A mace, bat, or morningstar (blunt weapon)\"], \"links\": [[\"mace\", \"mace\"], [\"bat\", \"bat#English\"], [\"morningstar\", \"morningstar\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A pole or stick used for other\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare) A pole or stick used for other\"], \"tags\": [\"rare\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Late Middle English\", \"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A strike or hit from a weapon.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare, Late Middle English) A strike or hit from a weapon.\"], \"tags\": [\"Late-Middle-English\", \"rare\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Late Middle English\", \"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"A clump of soft material.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(rare, Late Middle English) A clump of soft material.\"], \"tags\": [\"Late-Middle-English\", \"rare\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/bat/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/bɔt/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"batt\"}, {\"word\": \"batte\"}, {\"word\": \"bot\"}], \"word\": \"bat\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bat",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.